Nonpharmacological methods to treat depression include more than just ECT: recent developments include promising strategies like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and vagal nerve stimulation (VNS). Another procedure, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) involves the application of weak direct electrical current to the brain via scalp electrodes, which can be positioned to deliver currents that increase or decrease cortical excitability.

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